Please note the due date for the following is Friday, December 6. As it is a half day, period 6 will not be meeting; however, you should be sending along the material by midnight Sunday.
per·spec·tive
pərˈspektiv/
noun
a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a
point of view.
"most guidebook history is written from the editor's
perspective"
| synonyms Our next step is integrating news stories with perspective, so as to have a deeper understanding of how different news sources handle a story. Is it possible to remain unbiased? DIRECTIONS: 1.Open a word document 2.Below you will find three paired stories, labelled by number and letter. ie. story 1 a, story 1 b. Story 2 A, Story 2 B 3. Read each pair carefully, noting language usage and tone 4. Copy and paste the story headlines and author into a document THEN 5. Write a comparison paragraph of approximately 100 words for each of the paired stories that explains how each of the news sources handled the story in terms of tone. which is shown through diction (word choice) and syntax (how sentences are organized.) Use specific textual examples to support your analysis. (You will have three paragraphs in total.) Within each of the paragraphs, conclude with an evaluation as to what extent the story was written objectively, or has demonstrated bias. 6. Rubric: demonstrates accurate understanding of the articles; textual evidence; evaluation of the two news sources and language conventions (grammar, spelling, syntax.) 7. There are three paired articles. DUE BY MIDNIGHT ON Friday: Story 1 A from Fox News Hong Kong protesters praise Trump, Congress for law; Beijing calls move sinister
By Edmund DeMarche | Fox News
Pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong cheered President Trump and members of Congress for passing two laws that support the months-long uprising that has crippled the city while Beijing's anger over the legislation was on full display, calling the move a "nakedly hegemonic act" before summoning the top American diplomat in the country in protest.
The protests in Hong Kong started in June in response to, in part, an extradition bill that would have sent alleged criminals to China to stand trial. The bill never went forward, but the protests remained and only grew in size and violence since June.
rump signed the bills, which were approved by near-unanimous consent in the House and Senate, even as he expressed some concerns about complicating the effort to work out a trade deal with China's President Xi Jinping.
Up until Wednesday's announcement, Trump did not indicate whether or not he would sign the bill. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo refused to answer a reporter's question about the president's leanings as recent as Tuesday.
The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which was sponsored by Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., requires that the U.S. conducts yearly reviews into Hong Kong’s autonomy from Beijing. If ever found unsatisfactory, the city's special status for U.S. trading could be tossed.
"I signed these bills out of respect for President Xi, China, and the people of Hong Kong," Trump said in a statement. "They are being enacted in the hope that Leaders and Representatives of China and Hong Kong will be able to amicably settle their differences leading to long term peace and prosperity for all.
STORY 1 B from Guardian
Thousands in Hong Kong praise Trump with 'Thanksgiving' rally as more protests loom
‘We really appreciate the effort made by Americans,’ says one protester, as city braces for another weekend of protest
Thousands of protesters in Hong Kong, some draped in American flags, have staged a “Thanksgiving” rally in the heart of the city after the approval by Donald Trump of human rights legislation aimed at protecting them.
“The rationale for us having this rally is to show our gratitude and thank the US Congress and also president Trump for passing the bill,” said 23-year-old Sunny Cheung, a member of the student group that lobbied for the legislation.
“We are really grateful about that and we really appreciate the effort made by Americans who support Hong Kong, who stand with Hong Kong, who do not choose to side with Beijing,” he said, urging other countries to pass similar legislation.
The law requires the state department to certify, at least annually, that Hong Kong is autonomous enough to justify favourable US trading terms that have helped it become a world financial centre. It also threatens sanctions for human rights violations.
Organisers of the rally put together a list of possible officials to sanction, including Hong Kong’s leader, chief executive Carrie Lam Cheng, former police chiefs Andy Tsang and Stephen Lo, the heads of the Chinese liaison office Wang Zhimin and secretary for justice Teresa Cheng who has alleged she was attacked and injured by protesters in London.
Hong Kong has faced almost six months of intense political unrest over the growing influence of Beijing in the former British colony, meant to enjoy a “high degree of autonomy” under the terms of its 1997 handover to China.
The conflict, which reached a peak in the last few weeks during a police siege of a university, has worsened already tense ties between the China and the US, which Beijing claims has had a “black hand” in instigating the anti-government protests.
The Chinese foreign ministry has said the US would shoulder the consequences of China’s countermeasures if it continued to “act arbitrarily” in regards to Hong Kong.
China is considering barring the drafters of the legislation, whose US Senate sponsor is Florida Republican Marco Rubio, from entering mainland China as well as Hong Kong and Macau, Hu Xijin, the editor of China’s Global Times tabloid, said on Twitter.
Chinese vice foreign minister Le Yucheng summoned US ambassador Terry Branstad on Thursday and demanded that Washington immediately stop interfering in China’s domestic affairs. Hong Kong’s Beijing-backed government said the legislation sent the wrong signal to demonstrators and “clearly interfered” with the city’s internal affairs.
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STORY 2 A from Guardian
Proposed EU-wide 'climate law' would set net-zero carbon target by 2050
Plan is part of ‘green new deal’ but campaigners say it is not enough to tackle climate crisis
Ursula von der Leyen, the European commission president-elect, has pledged to bring forward the proposal within 100 days of taking office. Photograph: Vincent Kessler/Reuters
by Fionna Harvey and Jennifer Rankin
The first EU-wide “climate law” would enshrine a legally binding target of reaching net-zero carbon by 2050, and Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions would be halved by 2030, under a set of proposals being discussed by the incoming European commission.
Cars would be subject to new air pollution standards, following the disastrous cheating that allowed diesel pollutants to be masked, and all vehicles may be brought within the EU’s carbon emissions trading scheme, which would affect drivers across the bloc. Three quarters of road transport would have to be moved to rail and inland waterways, and pricing would have to be adjusted to reflect the carbon output of different modes of transport, which is likely to prove controversial.
The proposals are part of the “green new deal”, the centrepiece of the new commission’s action plan, focused on climate and the environment. Ursula von der Leyen, the new president of the commission, has pledged to bring forward the proposals within 100 days of taking office on 1 December.
According to a draft seen by the Guardian, moving to zero transport emissions will be a key goal, as will radical reform of the common agricultural policy, which has been widely criticised in recent years for drastic damage to the natural environment. There will be measures for an EU-wide industrial strategy, and innovation funding for promising clean technologies.
Ministers and government officials from around the world are starting to arrive in Madrid for two weeks of difficult negotiations on implementing the 2015 Paris agreement on climate change, beginning on Monday. While scientific warnings have grown clearer, countries have stalled on strengthening their emissions-reduction targets to keep up with the Paris goals.
Green campaigners criticised the EU’s draft for not going far enough, and said tougher targets should be enacted sooner in order to meet the Paris obligations.
STORY 2 B from Washington Post
European Parliament declares climate emergency amid momentum for a Green Deal
A bucket wheel excavator in the Garzweiler opencast mine in Juechen, western Germany, on Thursday. (Ina Fassbender/AFP/Getty Images)
by
,
and
Thursday’s move also puts pressure on the European Commission under its president-elect, Ursula von der Leyen, the first woman to hold the job.
As president of the European Union’s executive branch, she commands a vast machinery of E.U. bureaucrats that manages the bloc’s day-to-day business. The European Parliament is directly elected by voters in all 28 E.U. member states.
The declaration could further pressure von der Leyen, who has pledged to increase efforts to fight climate change. Referring to what she calls a European Green Deal, she said Wednesday that Europe would become the first continent to reduce emissions to net zero by 2050 and that targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 must be made “more ambitious.”
“If there is one area where the world needs our leadership, it is on protecting our climate,” she said. “This is an existential issue for Europe — and for the world.”
The European Commission is to present a first draft of a European Green Deal after taking office in December and deliver it within 100 days.
In her published guidelines for the European Green Deal, von der Leyen proposed increasing the E.U.’s target for reducing emissions over 1990 levels by at least 50 percent until 2030. In 2018, E.U. greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 23 percent below the 1990 level.
The E.U. member states Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have blocked efforts to reach climate neutrality by 2050, demanding more money to help them with the transition.
Von der Leyen has pledged extra funding to help more carbon-intensive economies in the E.U. make the transition to climate-neutral industries. What has been called the “Just Transition Fund” is planned to amount to tens of billions of dollars but is still subject to negotiations. Additional funding for research and innovation is to come from a “Sustainable Europe Investment Plan,” with the aim of supporting about $1.1 trillion of investment over the next decade, according to the published guidelines.
STORY 3 A New York Times
Warming Waters, Moving Fish: How Climate Change IS Reshaping Iceland
Photographs by
ISAFJORDUR, Iceland — Before it became a “Game of Thrones” location, before Justin Bieber stalked the trails of Fjadrargljufur, and before hordes of tourists descended upon this small island nation, there were the fish.
“Fish,” said Gisli Palsson, a professor of anthropology at the University of Iceland, “made us rich.” The money Iceland earned from commercial fishing helped the island, which is about the size of Kentucky, become independent from Denmark in 1944.
But warming waters associated with climate change are causing some fish to seek cooler waters elsewhere, beyond the reach of Icelandic fishermen. Ocean temperatures around Iceland have increased between 1.8 and 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit over the past 20 years. For the past two seasons, Icelanders have not been able to harvest capelin, a type of
smelt, as their numbers plummeted. The warmer waters mean that as some fish leave, causing financial disruption, other fish species arrive, triggering geopolitical conflicts.
Worldwide, research shows the oceans are simmering. Since the middle of last century, the oceans have absorbed more than 90 percent of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gas emissions. To beat the heat, fish are moving toward cooler waters nearer the planet’s two poles.
Last year, the capelin fishery, the country’s second most economically important export fishery, was closed for the winter fishing season on the recommendation of Iceland’s Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, which cited a decline in fish populations it attributed to unusually warm waters.
Capelin is caught and then sold both for direct consumption (its flavor is said to resemble herring), for fish meal and for its roe, or eggs, commonly called masago. In 2017 the country’s largest bank, Landsbankinn, valued the fishery at roughly $143 million. Last month, the research institute recommended keeping the capelin fishery closed for a second winter season.
“They moved farther north where there are colder seas,” said Kari Thor Johannsson, who, like many Icelanders of a certain generation, fished on family boats when he was younger. These days you can find him, behind the counter of his fish store in Isafjordur.
Kari Thor Johannsson, who grew up fishing and now runs a fish shop in Isafjordur, with a cod.
“For the first time last winter, we didn’t fish because the fish moved,” said Petur Birgisson, a fishing captain whose trawler is based out of Isafjordur. With 2,600 residents, it is the largest community in the Westfords, a region that is still heavily invested in fishing. Over the years he has adjusted to a series of changes, including the development of a quota system that allows individuals and companies the right to catch, process and sell a predetermined amount of fish each year. But he can’t conceive of an Iceland without fish.
STORY 3B
Iceland reaps riches from warming oceans as fish swim north |
REYKJAVIK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - With their shimmering silver bellies and iridescent blue backs, mackerel are striking fish. Sushi aficionados savor their clean, salty taste while superfood advocates prize their healthy omega-3 oils.
For the tiny North Atlantic nation of Iceland, however, mackerel are a harbinger of ocean warming.
Until about 2000, mackerel were a rare sight in Iceland, an island whose people have survived for centuries by fishing. But today they are one of the country’s most commercially important fish, both in terms of value and volume.
In 2016, mackerel was the third largest catch for Iceland and its third-most-valuable fish, bringing in $103 million or 8 percent of the nation’s total catch value.
“This mackerel story is maybe one of the most marked ones... demonstrating the changes taking place in the fish stock in the North Atlantic in recent years,” said Ólafur S. Ástþórsson, a scientist at Reykjavik’s Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI), which advises the Icelandic government on catch levels.
Rising ocean temperatures have altered fish stocks around Iceland, with southern species migrating northwards and northern species shifting even further north, he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Iceland has also seen 31 new species of fish in its waters since 1996, including blue sharks, flounder, megrims and black devil anglerfish, Ástþórsson said. Their numbers are not large, but “they are signs of changing times”, he added.
SWIMMING NORTH
As climate change brings warmer temperatures in many parts of the world, a growing number of fish species are swimming into new waters, seeking out the temperatures they prefer and shifting fisheries along with them.
Some of the biggest changes have come in Arctic marine ecosystems, which scientists say are warming twice as fast as the global average and creating dramatic changes in fish stocks.
Countries in the far north, such as Iceland, are expected to reap the benefits of climate change, as valuable fish species turn up waters that were previously too cold.
But some experts warn that the picture isn’t clear cut. Warming waters could also bring new predators and diseases - and potentially new geopolitical tensions, they say.
The waters around Iceland have warmed between 1 to 2 degrees Celsius in the last 20 years, said Hreiðar Þór Valtýsson, a professor at the Faculty of Natural Resource Sciences at the University of Akureyri.
Valtýsson’s children can now catch mackerel - a fish usually associated with warmer climes - at the harbour in Akureyri, a town in northern Iceland just 60 km (37 miles) south of the Arctic Circle.
Studies suggest climate change could aid shipping and tourism in northern economies, as well as fishing, but Valtýsson remains unsure.
Cold water species such as northern shrimp and capelin, which are important for Icelandic fisheries, are declining, he said.
Climate change is also increasing the acidity of the world’s oceans as the water absorbs some of the carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere. That could have serious effects on sea life, including making it harder for shellfish to build strong shells, he said.
New diseases are also appearing and although it is still unclear how much of a factor rising temperatures played, Iceland’s scallop stock has collapsed and there have been mass deaths of herring, Valtýsson said.
“The gains and losses seem to be balanced for now. But in the longer-term, I think it will be slightly positive,” he predicted.
MORE DIVERSE, MORE PROFIT
Fishing was once the largest industry in Iceland, but its share of GDP has been declining as the country’s tourism and energy businesses boom. In 2007, Iceland was ranked 15th among world’s largest fishing nations. By 2014, the country had dropped to 19th.
Still, fisheries remain integral, said Ragnar Arnason, an economics professor at the University of Iceland.
Nearly a tenth of Iceland’s economy is directly related to fishing, and the figure rises to nearly 20 percent if associated industries are taken into account, Arnason said.
Iceland also has long international prestige in fishing, hosting the United Nations University’s fisheries program, which provides postgraduate-level training for professionals in less-developed countries.
That means any change to the country’s fishing industry could substantially affect its $16.7 billion economy, which has now recovered from the painful collapse of its financial industry in 2008.
Icelanders need not fear their favorite fish dishes will disappear from the dinner table soon, however. Most of Iceland’s catch is for export, and favorites can be kept at home, fishermen say.
But the changes do require the industry to be nimble - an ability it is already showing, Icelandic experts say.
Arnason said it took the Icelandic fishing industry just two to four years to fully adapt to the increased supply of mackerel in the country’s 200-mile exclusive economic zone.
But investing in new equipment, divesting the old, and developing new product lines and marketing mechanisms can be costly, he warned.
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